ocean under the ice

While evidence for an internal ocean is strong, its presence awaits confirmation by a future mission. An unexplored ocean — The Ross Ice Shelf is the largest floating slab of ice on Earth, at 480,000 square kilometers.The ocean cavity it conceals … Unlike Earth, however, Europa’s ocean lies below a shell of ice probably 10 to 15 miles (15 to 25 kilometers) thick and has an estimated depth of 40 to 100 miles (60 to 150 kilometers). There is still much more to explore under the Arctic ice: new species waiting to be discovered and new insights into our changing planet. There are Ocean Currents Under the ice on Enceladus. The under-ice environment is home to a unique ecosystem of plants and animals that forms a critical link in the Arctic food web. Given what we know about the ocean currents in the area, the nearest up-current source of sunlight appears to be 600 kilometres away. The Arctic Ocean was covered by up to 900-meter-thick shelf ice and was filled entirely with freshwater at least twice in the last 150,000 years. Serving as food for small crustaceans, they represent the basis of food webs in the polar seas. The ocean on Ganymede — which is buried under a thick crust of ice — could actually harbor more water than all of Earth's surface water combined, according to … While the boulder is located about 150 miles from the ocean, the direction of the currents beneath the ice shelf suggests the nearest plant life is up to 1,000 miles away, Griffiths said. Investigators using coring technology, geophysical logging, … A new research paper has found that, in a deep part of the Black Sea known as the Danube fan, the gas hydrate system has yet to adapt to warmer conditions since the last Ice Age, which ended around 12,000 years ago. Underneath its shell of ice, the globe-spanning ocean of Enceladus isn’t sitting still. Polar bears need sea ice to hunt. Some of the most dramatic evidence that our planet is warming is the continued decrease of the Arctic summer sea ice cover and the loss of older, thicker ice. universetoday.com - Paul M. Sutter • 2d. Arctic sea ice, for example, is disappearing rapidly, opening the ocean below to the sun's heat and to increased human activity such as shipping and fishing. The “underside” of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic is a unique habitat, where roughly 1,000 different species of algae, which are largely unaffected by cold or lack of light, flourish. Buried beneath 20 kilometers of ice, the subsurface ocean of Enceladus—one of Saturn's moons—appears to be churning with currents akin to those on …
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